B.  Gustafsson and van Nieukerken, E. J., ?Larvae of Nepticulidae?, Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica, vol. 23, pp. 323-356, 1990.

E. J.  van Nieukerken and Johansson, R., ?Tribus Trifurculini?, Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica, vol. 23, pp. 239-321, 1990.